Pertussis
Toxin from B. pertussis,
Lyophilized
(Salt-Free)
#181 (50
ug)
Pertussis toxin (PTX) is produced by
Bordetella pertussis, the bacterium responsible for whooping cough. Pertussis
toxin is a multi-component protein composed of six non-covalently bound
subunits ranging in molecular weight from approximately 9 to 28 kDa.
These subunits are designated as S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 and occur in native
pertussis toxin in a ratio of 1:1:1:2:1, where the subunit S4 is present in two
copies.1, 2 The largest subunit S1, also called the A protomer, is responsible
for the ADP-ribosyltransferase
activity; the A protomer alone will transfer the ADP ribose from NAD+ to α
subunits of G proteins of the class Gαi, Gαo or Gαt. The crystal structure of
PTX reveals a pyramid-like shape with the A protomer situated on top of the S5
subunit, which rests on two dimers, S2-S4 and S3-S4.3 Together the five
subunit
platform is called the B oligomer, and under certain conditions PTX dissociates
into just two parts, the enzymatic A protomer and the five
subunit
binding complex, the B oligomer. This B oligomer allows PTX to enter most
cells, attaching to glycan residues present on receptor proteins including
TLR44 and glycoprotein Ib.5 After entering the cell via receptor-mediated
endocytosis, PTX is transported retrogradely via the endosomal pathway and
Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum. A protomer is released from the
toxin and translocates
through the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum where the toxin inactivates
the target membrane-bound G proteins.6, 7 more....
Products
are for research purposes only and are
not for use in humans or as diagnostic agents.
#181 (50 ug)
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